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01-linux/distro-specific/linux-distro-guide-beginners.md

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+---
+title: "Linux Distro Guide for Beginners"
+domain: linux
+category: distro-specific
+tags: [linux, distros, beginners, ubuntu, fedora, mint]
+status: published
+created: 2026-03-08
+updated: 2026-03-08
+---
+
+# Linux Distro Guide for Beginners
+
+If you're new to Linux and trying to figure out where to start, Ubuntu is the answer I give most often. I've been out of the beginner game for a while so there may be better options now, but Ubuntu has the widest community, the most documentation, and the best chance of finding a guide for whatever breaks on your hardware.
+
+## The Short Answer
+
+Start with **Ubuntu LTS** (the Long Term Support release). It's stable, well-documented, and has the largest community for getting help. Once you're comfortable, explore from there.
+
+## Why Ubuntu for Beginners
+
+Ubuntu hits the right marks for someone starting out:
+
+- **Hardware support is broad.** Most laptops and desktops work out of the box or close to it, including NVIDIA drivers via the additional drivers tool.
+- **Documentation everywhere.** Years of Ask Ubuntu, Ubuntu Forums, and community guides means almost any problem you hit has already been solved somewhere.
+- **LTS releases are supported for 5 years.** You're not chasing upgrades every six months while you're still learning the basics.
+- **Software availability.** Most Linux software either provides Ubuntu packages first or builds for it. Snap and Flatpak are both available.
+
+```bash
+# Check your Ubuntu version
+lsb_release -a
+
+# Update the system
+sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
+
+# Install software
+sudo apt install packagename
+```
+
+## Other Distros Worth Knowing About
+
+Once you've got your footing, the Linux ecosystem is wide. Here's how I'd categorize the common options:
+
+**If Ubuntu feels like too much hand-holding:**
+- **Fedora** — cutting edge packages, great for developers, ships very recent software. More DIY than Ubuntu but well-documented. My go-to for anything development-focused.
+- **Linux Mint** — Ubuntu base with a more Windows-like desktop. Good if the Ubuntu GNOME interface feels unfamiliar.
+
+**If you want something rolling (always up to date):**
+- **Arch Linux** — you build it from scratch. Not for beginners, but you'll learn a lot. The Arch Wiki is the best Linux documentation that exists and is useful even if you're not running Arch.
+- **Manjaro** — Arch base with an installer and some guardrails. Middle ground between Arch and something like Fedora.
+
+**If you're building a server:**
+- **Ubuntu Server** or **Debian** — rock solid, wide support, what most tutorials assume.
+- **RHEL/AlmaLinux/Rocky Linux** — if you want to learn the Red Hat ecosystem for professional reasons.
+
+## The Desktop Environment Question
+
+Most beginners don't realize that Linux separates the OS from the desktop environment. Ubuntu ships with GNOME by default, but you can install others or pick a distro that comes with a different one.
+
+| Desktop | Feel | Distro that ships it |
+|---|---|---|
+| GNOME | Modern, minimal, touch-friendly | Ubuntu, Fedora |
+| KDE Plasma | Feature-rich, highly customizable | Kubuntu, KDE Neon |
+| XFCE | Lightweight, traditional | Xubuntu, MX Linux |
+| MATE | Classic, stable | Ubuntu MATE |
+| Cinnamon | Windows-like | Linux Mint |
+
+If you're not sure, start with whatever comes default on your chosen distro. You can always install another desktop later or try a different distro flavor.
+
+## Getting Help
+
+The community is the best part of Linux. When you get stuck:
+
+- **Ask Ubuntu** (askubuntu.com) — for Ubuntu-specific questions
+- **The Arch Wiki** — for general Linux concepts even if you're not on Arch
+- **r/linux4noobs** — beginner-friendly community
+- **Your distro's forums** — most major distros have their own
+
+Be specific when asking for help. Include your distro and version, what you tried, and the exact error message. People can't help you with "it doesn't work."
+
+## Gotchas & Notes
+
+- **Don't dual-boot as your first step.** It adds complexity. Use a VM (VirtualBox, VMware) or a spare machine first until you're confident.
+- **NVIDIA on Linux** can be annoying. Ubuntu's additional drivers GUI makes it manageable, but know that going in. AMD graphics tend to work better out of the box.
+- **The terminal is your friend, not something to fear.** You'll use it. The earlier you get comfortable with basic commands, the easier everything gets.
+- **Backups before you start.** If you're installing on real hardware, back up your data first. Not because Linux will eat it, but because installation steps can go sideways on any OS.
+
+## See Also
+
+- [[wsl2-instance-migration-fedora43]]
+- [[managing-linux-services-systemd-ansible]]

01-linux/distro-specific/wsl2-instance-migration-fedora43.md

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+---
+title: WSL2 Instance Migration (Fedora 43)
+domain: linux
+category: distro-specific
+tags:
+  - wsl2
+  - fedora
+  - windows
+  - migration
+  - majorrig
+status: published
+created: '2026-03-06'
+updated: '2026-03-08'
+---
+
+# WSL2 Instance Migration (Fedora 43)
+
+To move a WSL2 distro from C: to another drive, export it to a tar file with `wsl --export`, unregister the original, then re-import it at the new location with `wsl --import`. After import you'll need to fix the default user — WSL always resets it to root on import, which you patch via `/etc/wsl.conf`.
+
+## The Short Answer
+
+```powershell
+wsl --terminate Fedora-43
+wsl --export Fedora-43 D:\fedora_backup.tar
+wsl --unregister Fedora-43
+mkdir D:\WSL\Fedora43
+wsl --import Fedora-43 D:\WSL\Fedora43 D:\fedora_backup.tar --version 2
+```
+
+Then fix the default user — see Steps below.
+
+## Background
+
+WSL2 stores each distro as a VHDX on whatever drive it was installed to, which is C: by default. If you're running Unsloth fine-tuning runs or doing anything that generates large files in WSL2, C: fills up fast. The migration is straightforward but the import resets your default user to root, which you have to fix manually.
+
+## Steps
+
+1. Shut down the instance cleanly
+
+```powershell
+wsl --terminate Fedora-43
+```
+
+2. Export to the destination drive
+
+```powershell
+wsl --export Fedora-43 D:\fedora_backup.tar
+```
+
+3. Remove the C: instance
+
+```powershell
+wsl --unregister Fedora-43
+```
+
+4. Create the new directory and import
+
+```powershell
+mkdir D:\WSL\Fedora43
+wsl --import Fedora-43 D:\WSL\Fedora43 D:\fedora_backup.tar --version 2
+```
+
+5. Fix the default user and enable systemd — edit `/etc/wsl.conf` inside the distro
+
+```ini
+[boot]
+systemd=true
+
+[user]
+default=majorlinux
+```
+
+6. Restart WSL to apply
+
+```powershell
+wsl --shutdown
+wsl -d Fedora-43
+```
+
+## Gotchas & Notes
+
+- **Default user always resets to root on import** — this is expected WSL behavior. The `/etc/wsl.conf` fix is mandatory, not optional.
+- **Windows Terminal profiles:** If the GUID changed after re-registration, update the profile. The command line stays the same: `wsl.exe -d Fedora-43`.
+- **Verify the VHDX landed correctly:** Check `D:\WSL\Fedora43\ext4.vhdx` exists before deleting the backup tar.
+- **Keep the tar until verified:** Don't delete `D:\fedora_backup.tar` until you've confirmed the migrated instance works correctly.
+- **systemd=true is required for Fedora 43** — without it, services (including Docker and Ollama in WSL) won't start properly.
+
+## Maintenance Aliases (DNF5)
+
+Fedora 43 ships with DNF5. Add these to `~/.bashrc`:
+
+```bash
+alias update='sudo dnf upgrade --refresh'
+alias install='sudo dnf install'
+alias clean='sudo dnf clean all'
+```
+
+## See Also
+
+- [[Managing disk space on MajorRig]]
+- [[Unsloth QLoRA fine-tuning setup]]